Industrial estates are specific areas zoned for industrial activity in which infrastructure such as roads, power, and other utility services is pro-vided to facilitate the growth of industries and to minimize impacts on the environment. The infrastructure may include effluent treatment; solid and toxic waste collection, treatment, and disposal; air pollution and effluent monitoring; technical services on pollution prevention; quality management (quality assurance and control); and laboratory services. There should be appropriate emergency preparedness and prevention plans and liaison with local fire and emergency services. This document covers the management of activities on an established estate. Selection of sites for industrial estates should take into account social and environmental issues, as well as economic considerations. The key document would normally be an industrial estate development plan covering issues such as:

• Details of the location
• Mix of industries on the
• Layout and design
• Transport services
• Fuel storage
• Air quality management
• Water quality management, including the pro-vision of common effluent treatment facilities, as required
• Solid waste management, including recycling
• Management of hazardous materials and hazardous wastes
• Noise control
• Occupational health and safety
• Hazard and emergency planning and response.

Industrial estates should maintain safe distances from residential areas (for example, 100 meters for small industries with minimal environmental hazard and at least 1 kilometer for very polluting industries). Definition of institutional responsibilities is an essential component of a development plan. The key environmental issues to be addressed in the development plan should be identified through an environmental assessment process.